* martial-- which means military affairs
* saturnine-- which means feeling depressed
* mercurial-- which means clever
* jovial-- which means pleasant
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B. Quiz on The Aeneid
a. Aeneas was built by the concept of wondering hero who roamed years and years then got back home eventually.
b. Aeneas met Queen Dido and got married with her in a cave. After few years, Aeneas needed to go somewhere so he abandoned her and it caused her to suicide. Once, he went to Hades for asking when he can go home and accomplish his final destination, he saw the soul of Dido who wore shabby clothes for she used stab to kill herself. He only saw her just for a glance and she smoked then gone because she was burnt on a pyre.
Aeneas and Dido
c. The most pathetic thing about Aeneas is that he do not have intention to change how he is, who he is, and how he could leave.
* Other story--
Pygmalion and Galatea-- Pygmalion was a sculptor and he hoped to change the sculpture of Galatea to a woman. --> How I make you, you will be what I want you to be.
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Pygmalion and Galatea
* Extending concept--
Pygmalion effect-- It is the phenomenon whereby the greater the expectation placed upon people, the better they perform.
Pygmalion (play) and My Fair Lady (musical) (movie)--
Professor of phonetics Henry Higgins makes a bet that he can train a bedraggled Cockney flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, to pass for a duchess at an ambassador's garden party by teaching her to assume a veneer of gentility, the most important element of which, he believes, is impeccable speech. The play is a sharp lampoon of the rigid British class system of the day and a commentary on women's independence.
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C. The Immortals (v)
a. Aphrodite-- She was born in the bubble on the sea.
b. Apollo-- the god of intellectual beauty who is the brother of Artemis (They are twin brother and sister.)
c. Artemis-- She was the the daughter of Zeus and one of the three virgin god (Artemis, Athena, and Hestia). There was once that Agamemnon sacrifice her daughter, Iphigenia to her.
The Sacrifice of Iphigenia
f. Demeter-- She is the god of agriculture and she had a daughter with Zeus called Persephone and turned to stone because of her grief of losing her daughter.
g. Persephone-- She is the goddess of underworld. She was too beautiful so Hades took her to the underworld by force and tried to marry her. Zeus came to save her daughter, however, Persephone already ate Hades' present of engagement, 12 pomegranates. After Hades negotiated with Zeus, Persephone can have half year (Spring and Summer) on the ground and as for the rest half year (Autumn and Winter ), she need to stay with Hades in underworld.
Persephone and pomegranateh. Hades-- the god of underworld and son of Cronos
i. Furies-- the gods of revenge who tried to kill Electra, daughter of Agamemnon, because she killed her mother.
j. Graces-- the attendants of Aphrodite, who was called 三美神 as well
Botticelli's Graces
Raphael's
k. Eros-- He is the god of love also called Cupid. Due to his bad shooting, this word become "error" in the future.
l. Hephaestus--He is the best black smith in the immortal world. His ax can split Zeus' head.
* Athena is the daughter of Zeus and Metis. Because Zeus' wife Hera is a jealous woman and Metis was worried about her daughter, she put her foetus into Zeus' head. One day, Zeus got headache and felt extremely pain. He called Hephaestus to split his head and suddenly he saw a woman wearing a full suit of armor and standing in front of him. That is Athena.
Athena's birthm. Heracles-- He is a demigod but because he is a wondering hero, he became god eventually. He got twelve labours with him.
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D. Term Explanation
a. Homeric Epithets-- Homer uses adjective tags/ phrases to indicate the characters and polish the people or places in his poems. For example, the rocky Ithaca and the swift-footed Achilles.
b. invocation-- It is to call on a god or goddess. When people are invocating, they may ask for something and some help from gods or just worship them.Take the plots in ancient epics for instance, people in Sappho’s epics always called on Aphrodite, and people in Homer’s epics used to call on Apollo.
c. Penelope and Odysseus-- Penelope is the faithful wife of Odysseus, who keeps her suitors at bay in his long absence and is eventually reunited with him.
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E. Vocabulary
a. democracy-- "Demo" stands for demon.
b. theocracy-- "Theo" stands for god.
c. bureaucracy-- "Cracy" stands for endless, redtape, and inflexible.
d. suicide-- "Cide" stands for killing. e.g. homicide, insecticide
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